| Security Measure | Why It Helps | |----------------|---------------| | | In php.ini : disable_functions = exec,shell_exec,system,passthru,proc_open,fsockopen,popen,curl_exec | | Least privilege user | Run PHP-FPM as a non-privileged user (not www-data with sudo) | | Validate uploads | Never trust user-supplied file content — use allowlists and re-encode | | Use open_basedir | Restrict PHP file access to specific directories | | Keep software updated | Many reverse shells exploit known vulnerabilities | | Egress filtering | Block unexpected outbound traffic from web servers (e.g., allow only port 80/443 out) |
executes a script (like a PHP file) that reaches out to the attacker's IP and port. Reverse Shell Php
Ensure that your server's operating system and PHP version are up-to-date. Updates often include patches for vulnerabilities that could be exploited. | Security Measure | Why It Helps |
Configure your firewall to block all outgoing traffic from the web server except to known, necessary destinations (like update servers or APIs). Configure your firewall to block all outgoing traffic