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The symptoms of Wilms tumor can vary, but common signs and symptoms include:

This article provides a structured, evidence-based outline for a state-of-the-art presentation.

Patients with unfavorable molecular signature (1q gain + 1p loss) are now automatically high-risk regardless of stage.

Residual non-hematogenous tumor in the abdomen (e.g., lymph node involvement or tumor spill). Stage IV: Hematogenous metastases (usually lungs or liver). Stage V: Bilateral renal involvement. 5. Management & Treatment