: This paper investigates the high-risk phenomenon of hydraulic shock (liquid hammer) in ammonia systems, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model how vapor flow and liquid levels lead to pipe ruptures.
For accurate pipe sizing and system configuration. Iiar Ammonia Refrigeration Piping Handbook Pdf
The handbook explicitly prohibits copper and copper alloys (brass, bronze) in ammonia systems. Why? Ammonia chemically attacks copper to form copper-ammine complexes, leading to rapid pitting and cracking. All piping must be (seamless or welded) per ASTM A106 or A53. : This paper investigates the high-risk phenomenon of
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