The keyword "theory" in your PDF search refers to the fundamental aerodynamic instability that plagues tailless designs. A conventional aircraft is stable because the tail provides a restoring moment. A tailless aircraft must achieve stability and control using only the wing. This creates three critical challenges:
The core challenge of a tailless aircraft (or ) is that the main wing must perform all aerodynamic functions—lift, stability, and control—without a separate horizontal stabilizer. tailless aircraft in theory and practice pdf
In a conventional plane, the tail counteracts the natural nose-down pitching moment of the wing. Tailless designs must achieve this "self-trimming" through reflex airfoils (where the trailing edge curves upward) or wing sweep The keyword "theory" in your PDF search refers